Born and died in 1895

French poet, surrealist movement founder, writer, politician, artist, and French resistance fighter

King of the United Kingdom from 1936 to 1952, last Emperor of India, and first Head of the Commonwealth

Spanish Republican leader and communist politician renowned for her powerful '¡No Pasarán!' slogan during the Spanish Civil War

Austrian-British psychoanalyst who was a co-founder of psychoanalytic child psychology and a significant non-fiction writer

German and American composer, music theorist, teacher, violist, and conductor known for advocating the Neue Sachlichkeit style and compositions like "Mathis der Maler" and "Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber"

German bacteriologist and pathologist who received the Nobel Prize for discovering prontosil's antibacterial effects

Israeli politician, Prime Minister, and a founder of the Israeli Labor Party who led the nation through significant periods

Turkish military officer and politician who served as the 4th President of the Republic of Turkey from 1960 to 1966

Chinese writer, linguist, and inventor known for pioneering humorous prose, bridging Eastern and Western cultures, and his innovative Chinese typewriter

Albanian statesman who served as the nation's prime minister, president, and only king, guiding Albania from 1922 to 1939

Argentine military officer, politician, and statesperson who served as president of Argentina from 1946–55 and 1973–74, known for establishing Peronism, a lasting political movement

Pakistan's first Prime Minister who consolidated the new nation from 1947 until his assassination in 1951

French writer and dramatist best known for the romantic novel <em>La Dame aux Camélias</em> and its adaptation into Verdi's <em>La traviata</em>

French chemist and microbiologist renowned for discoveries of vaccination principles, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization

German philosopher, sociologist, and economist who co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx and developed the political and philosophical system known as Marxism

Cuban national hero, poet, and revolutionary who led the independence movement against Spanish rule and became known as the 'Apostle of Cuban Independence'

German chemist and physician who was a pioneer in developing early versions of the periodic table of chemical elements

French Impressionist painter and printmaker, celebrated for her vibrant and intimate portrayals of modern life