Born and died in 1887

Hungarian-American mathematician known for his contributions to combinatorics, number theory, numerical analysis, probability theory, and his influential work in heuristics and mathematics education

German Nazi politician and military officer who co-founded and led the Sturmabteilung (SA), playing a key role in Hitler's rise to power

German field marshal who served during World War II and was later convicted of war crimes

Iconic British actor known for his memorable roles as Frankenstein's monster and his distinct voice work as the Grinch

American biochemist who discovered that enzymes could be crystallized and proved they were proteins, earning him a Nobel Prize

British Army Field Marshal and writer, known for his leadership in the First and Second World Wars, including the Irish War of Independence, and his distinguished military career.

Chinese politician and military leader who led the Republic of China from 1928 until his death, establishing its government on Taiwan after 1949

Slovak politician, dictator, and Catholic priest who served as president of the First Slovak Republic during World War II

Pioneering Swiss-French architect, designer, urbanist, and writer whose influential work shaped modern architecture and design globally

French musician, conductor, and teacher who mentored many of the 20th century's leading composers and was the first woman to conduct major orchestras

Croatian-Swiss Nobel laureate in Chemistry known for his work on polymethylenes, higher terpenes, and the first chemical synthesis of male sex hormones

Italian politician and 3rd President of Italy, renowned for his efforts to bring about an 'opening to the left' and his influential role during Italy's post-war era and decolonization

French writer, poet, and politician best known for authoring the lyrics to "The Internationale"

Swedish classical singer and opera star known as the 'Swedish Nightingale' who achieved immense popularity across Europe and the United States

Dutch author, civil servant, and colonial administrator best known for his novel Max Havelaar, which exposed the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies