Born and died in 1886

Prolific Hungarian-American film director who shaped Hollywood's Golden Age with classics like Casablanca and The Charge of the Light Brigade

Mexican muralist whose large frescoes helped establish the mural movement in Mexican and international art

Swedish physicist and university teacher known for his Nobel Prize-winning discoveries and research in X-ray spectroscopy

Chinese general, military strategist, politician, and revolutionary, known for his role as a Marshal of the People's Republic of China

German-Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate known for decoding the honeybee's waggle dance and advancing the study of animal communication

French metaphysician, writer, and orientalist known for his traditionalist philosophy and writings on esotericism, symbolism, and initiation

English physiologist and biophysicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize for elucidating muscle heat and mechanical work, also co-founding biophysics and operations research

Alsatian sculptor, painter, and poet known for his significant contributions to Dadaism and abstract art

British organic chemist and Nobel laureate known for his investigations into plant products of biological importance, especially anthocyanins and alkaloids

French historian, medievalist, and a founding member of the Annales School who also served as a French resistance fighter

Luxembourgish-born German-French statesman, politician, and Venerable who was a principal founder of the European Communities, the Council of Europe, and NATO, and twice served as Prime Minister of France

King of Spain from birth to 1931, known as "El Africano" for his support of African colonial expansion, whose 45-year reign ended with the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic

American lawyer, politician, and the 21st U.S. President who ended the spoils system and expanded the U.S. Navy

Russian playwright who almost single-handedly created a Russian national repertoire and defined the Russian realistic period

American poet known for her unique and profound exploration of life, death, and nature, whose work was largely discovered and celebrated posthumously