Born and died in 1881

Spanish poet and Nobel Prize laureate, celebrated for his lyrical poetry and his advocacy for the concept of "pure poetry"

Austrian writer, poet, historian, and biographer, Stefan Zweig was one of the most widely translated and popular authors in the world during the 1920s and 1930s

Head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City from 1958 to 1963, remembered for his five years of leadership as Pope John XXIII

Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, and theatre designer who co-founded the Cubist movement, invented constructed sculpture, and created iconic works like Guernica, profoundly reshaping modern art

American physicist who shared the 1937 Nobel Prize for discovering the diffraction of electrons by crystals

English author and humorist whose beloved creations like Jeeves and Bertie Wooster made him one of the most widely read comic writers of the 20th century

Austrian jurist and legal philosopher known for his pure theory of law and extensive writings on international law and democracy

German field marshal and Commander-in-Chief of the German Army during the first two years of World War II

Austrian Social Democrat, politician, and philosopher known for co-founding Austromarxism and serving as Foreign Minister, advocating for a middle ground between social democracy and revolutionary socialism

Romanian composer, violinist, conductor, and educator, revered as one of the greatest musicians in Romanian history

American film director, producer, and actor known as a founding father of American cinema and for his commercially successful, epic-scale films

German Generalfeldmarschall of the Wehrmacht during World War II, known for his military leadership

American anthropologist and social theorist known for his ethnography of the Iroquois and theories on kinship and social evolution

The 20th president of the United States, serving in 1881, who was also a writer, lawyer, and Civil War general

American outlaw and gunfighter of the Old West known for his involvement in the Lincoln County War and links to multiple murders

Swiss philosopher, poet, and diarist known for his introspective 'Journal Intime' and moral philosophy

The 12th Emperor of Russia, known as Alexander the Liberator for abolishing serfdom in 1861