Born and died in 1881

Spanish poet and Nobel Prize laureate, celebrated for his lyrical poetry and his advocacy for the concept of "pure poetry"

Austrian writer, poet, historian, and biographer, Stefan Zweig was one of the most widely translated and popular authors in the world during the 1920s and 1930s

Head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City from 1958 to 1963, remembered for his five years of leadership as Pope John XXIII

Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, and theatre designer who co-founded the Cubist movement, invented constructed sculpture, and created iconic works like Guernica, profoundly reshaping modern art

English author and humorist whose beloved creations like Jeeves and Bertie Wooster made him one of the most widely read comic writers of the 20th century

Austrian jurist and legal philosopher known for his pure theory of law and extensive writings on international law and democracy

German field marshal and Commander-in-Chief of the German Army during the first two years of World War II

Austrian-American economist and philosopher known for his work in praxeology and as a steadfast defender of classical liberalism in the 20th century

Romanian composer, violinist, conductor, and educator, revered as one of the greatest musicians in Romanian history

Scottish biologist, pharmacologist, and Nobel laureate renowned for his discovery of penicillin, the world's first antibiotic

German chemist who won the 1930 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his synthesis of haemin and research into chlorophyll

German organic chemist who won the 1930 Nobel Prize for his research on haemin and chlorophyll synthesis

Swiss philosopher, poet, and diarist known for his introspective 'Journal Intime' and moral philosophy

The 12th Emperor of Russia, known as Alexander the Liberator for abolishing serfdom in 1861