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American actor, screenwriter, director, and producer known for his swashbuckling silent film roles and for being "The King of Hollywood"

American linguist and anthropologist who was a foundational figure in the development of linguistics in the United States, known for his work on Native American languages

American aviation pioneer, author, journalist, pilot, and women's rights activist who became one of the most celebrated figures of early flight

Swiss psychiatrist known for coining terms such as schizophrenia and autism, and for his influence on modern concepts of mental illness

British physician, writer, and social reformer who pioneered the study of human sexuality and influenced psychoanalysis with concepts like narcissism and autoeroticism

Austrian psychoanalyst who challenged Freudian theory with the concept of birth trauma and championed relationship-based therapy, influencing existential and humanistic psychology

Head of the Catholic Church from 1922 to 1939 and the first sovereign of Vatican City

Irish poet, playwright, and politician who received the 1923 Nobel Prize in Literature for his inspired poetry and served as a Senator of the Irish Free State

Canadian-American coach, physician, and inventor best known for creating the game of basketball

Austrian novelist and journalist best known for his family saga Radetzky March and his novel of Jewish life Job

Spanish poet and Generation of '98 figure who created philosophical heteronyms and evolved from modernism to intimate symbolism

British egyptologist known for discovering the intact tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in November 1922, the best-preserved pharaonic tomb ever found

Austrian neurologist, psychoanalyst, and essayist who founded psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychological conflicts through dialogue