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American Vice President and Indiana Governor known for his wit, his role during Wilson's incapacitation, and the famous 'five-cent cigar' quote

German painter, printmaker, and university teacher known for synthesizing impressionism and expressionism in his mature works

The 9th Prime Minister of Norway who led the nation to independence from Sweden in 1905

Russian mathematician and physicist who developed the Friedmann equations, originating the theory of an expanding universe

German mathematician, educator, and historian known for his Erlangen Program, which unified geometries by their symmetry groups, and for his work in complex analysis and non-Euclidean geometry

Austrian astronomer and military officer renowned for visually discovering 122 asteroids, a record for non-photographic methods

French statesman, judge, politician, and diplomat who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1920 for his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations and his longstanding contributions to peace and justice

French astronomer and author who explored the cosmos through popular science, early science fiction, and psychical research

Swedish Prime Minister who led the Social Democratic Party, advocated for universal suffrage and workers' rights, and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921

Swedish Prime Minister who led the Social Democratic Party, advocated for universal suffrage and workers' rights, and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921

German politician who served as the first president of Germany, guiding the nation through the turbulent aftermath of World War I.

French composer and pianist known for his influential solo piano works like Gymnopédies and Gnossiennes, contributing to classical and modern classical genres

Austrian philosopher, esotericist, and social reformer who founded anthroposophy and contributed as a writer, teacher, and architect

German philosopher, logician, and mathematician known as the father of analytic philosophy and a profound philosopher of mathematics