Born and died in 1831

The 20th president of the United States, serving in 1881, who was also a writer, lawyer, and Civil War general

Russian occult writer, mystic, and co-founder of the Theosophical Society, known for her foundational works on Theosophy

The 121st Emperor of Japan (1846–1867) who reigned during the final tumultuous years of the Edo period, navigating the nation through increasing foreign pressures

American pharmacist and chemist who invented Coca-Cola as an attempt to alleviate his chronic pain and morphine addiction

Hunkpapa Lakota medicine man and traditional leader who led his people during years of resistance against United States government policies

Polish-Lithuanian noblewoman and revolutionary who achieved the rank of captain during the November Uprising of 1830-1831 against Russian rule

German-Prussian general and military theorist whose On War explored the political and psychological dimensions of warfare

Greek statesman and diplomat, recognized as one of the most distinguished politicians of 19th-century Europe

American Founding Father and fifth president of the United States (1817-1825), known for the Monroe Doctrine and leading during the Era of Good Feelings

French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher known for her pioneering work in elasticity theory and contributions to Fermat's Last Theorem