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Soviet and American theoretical physicist and cosmologist who championed the Big Bang theory and popularized science

American writer, muckraker journalist, and political activist known for 'The Jungle' and winning the 1943 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction

American writer and novelist, Nobel laureate known for realistic and imaginative writings with keen social perception

American Baptist minister and civil rights leader who advanced civil rights for people of color through nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964

Belgian physiologist and Nobel Laureate who discovered the sinus and aortic mechanisms regulating respiration

British racecar driver, Formula One World Champion, and Indianapolis 500 winner, holding numerous records at the time of his passing

Italian saint, priest, stigmatist, and mystic venerated in the Catholic Church whose feast day is celebrated on 23 September

Bohemian-Israeli author, composer, and journalist notable for preserving and promoting the works of Franz Kafka and championing composer Leoš Janáček

English pharmacologist and Nobel laureate who, with Otto Loewi, discovered the chemical transmission of nerve impulses through acetylcholine

American politician and lawyer who served as the 64th United States Attorney General and a U.S. Senator, remembered as an icon of modern American liberalism

American deafblind author, political activist, and lecturer who became a global symbol of perseverance and an advocate for disability rights

Australian pathologist and pharmacologist who shared the Nobel Prize for his instrumental role in developing penicillin into a life-saving medicine

Swiss Protestant theologian known for his commentary The Epistle to the Romans, his resistance to Nazism with the Barmen Declaration, and his vast Church Dogmatics

Norwegian lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as the first Secretary-General of the United Nations

English children's writer, one of the best-selling and most prolific authors of all time, translated into ninety languages

French American artist, inventor, and chess player who significantly influenced the avant-garde movement, known for his revolutionary readymades and diverse artistic pursuits

Austrian-Swedish physicist instrumental in the discovery of nuclear fission

Italian poet, translator, and literary critic, awarded the 1959 Nobel Prize in Literature for his powerful lyrical poetry