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German trade unionist and Social Democratic Party leader who served as Chancellor of Germany during the establishment of the Weimar Republic

German aristocrat, military officer, and resistance fighter known for his attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler during Operation Valkyrie

Japanese association football player who represented the Japan national team in the early 20th century

Belgian American inventor and chemist known as "The Father of the Plastics Industry" for inventing Velox photographic paper and Bakelite

Finnish judge, politician, and President who played a major role in the movement for Finnish independence and presented its Declaration of Independence

Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the second president of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944, and the first to head a government of the entire Philippines

The last Ottoman caliph and a gifted painter, known for being the only caliph elected by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and head of the Osmanoğlu family until his death in Paris

French historian, medievalist, and a founding member of the Annales School who also served as a French resistance fighter

French novelist, essayist, diplomat, and playwright renowned for his influential contributions to interwar French drama and literature

British astrophysicist, mathematician, and philosopher known for the Eddington limit, a fundamental concept in stellar luminosity and accretion

English physicist and Nobel laureate who discovered characteristic X-rays

Shah of Iran from 1925 to 1941 and founder of the Pahlavi Dynasty, who rose from an army officer to become a prominent politician and monarch

French surgeon and biologist, Nobel laureate for vascular suturing, pioneer of organ transplantation and tissue culture

Pioneer of abstraction in Western art, known for his avant-garde painting and art theory

Norwegian painter and graphic artist widely known for his iconic 1893 work, The Scream, and his profound contributions to modern art

French author and Nobel laureate known for his lofty idealism, compassionate portrayals of human beings, and diverse contributions as a writer, teacher, and musicologist

French writer, aviator, and poet known for the beloved novella The Little Prince and his adventurous life as a pilot and journalist