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American politician and military officer who became the youngest U.S. Vice President and later a Confederate general

The first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, an American physician, abolitionist, and women's rights activist

Swiss philosopher, poet, and diarist known for his introspective 'Journal Intime' and moral philosophy

British explorer, army officer, writer, and scholar famed for his wide-ranging travels in Asia, Africa, and South America, and his mastery of up to 29 languages

A German physicist and physiologist known for pioneering work in hydrodynamic stability and linking scientific theory with practical research, whose name graces Germany's largest research association

French novelist known for literary realism, his acclaimed novel Madame Bovary, and scrupulous devotion to style