Born and died in 1861

Finnish judge, politician, and President who played a major role in the movement for Finnish independence and presented its Declaration of Independence

French filmmaker and illusionist who pioneered cinematic special effects, transforming film into a medium for fantasy and spectacle

Canadian-American coach, physician, and inventor best known for creating the game of basketball

Norwegian polar explorer, scientist, diplomat, and humanitarian who won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with refugees and prisoners of war

German general and Ottoman Field Marshal who served as Prussian Minister of War and Chief of the German General Staff during the First World War, removed after the failure of his offensive strategy in the west

English biochemist awarded the Nobel Prize in 1929 for the discovery of vitamins, also discovered the amino acid tryptophan

British Field Marshal and politician who commanded the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front during the First World War

Filipino nationalist, writer, and polymath who became a national hero for advocating political reforms against Spanish colonial rule through his influential literary works such as Noli me tangere and Ang "Filibusterismo".

Austrian philosopher, esotericist, and social reformer who founded anthroposophy and contributed as a writer, teacher, and architect

Bulgarian ruler from 1887 to 1918 who modernized the nation, achieved independence, and was also a recognized zoologist, ornithologist, and writer

Swiss physicist known for discovering invar and elinvar alloys, vital for precision instruments and timekeeping

English mathematician and philosopher who created process philosophy, influencing fields from ecology to economics

Ukrainian poet and artist who founded modern Ukrainian literature and language, and whose collection 'Kobzar' is a cornerstone of Slavic culture

King of Prussia known as the 'romanticist on the throne' who believed in divine right and favored Christian estates over constitutional monarchy