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American peace activist and child actress who famously wrote to Soviet leader Yuri Andropov during the Cold War, fostering a message of peace and understanding

American medical researcher and Nobel Laureate, often called "The Father of Modern Vaccines," who cultured poliovirus and developed the measles vaccine

American chemist and Nobel laureate known for his foundational work on polymers and macromolecules, including the Flory-Huggins theory and the concept of excluded volume

Russian-born American economist and statistician, Nobel laureate for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth

American seismologist, mathematician, and geophysicist known for co-creating the Richter scale, a crucial tool for quantifying earthquake magnitude

Award-winning American actress known for her starring roles in Hollywood films, Broadway productions, and television series, achieving an Academy Award and a Golden Globe

American actor, a prominent figure in the Golden Age of Hollywood and a courageous HIV/AIDS activist

American actor and filmmaker remembered for his innovative work across film, radio, and theatre

Italian novelist, poet, and translator whose novel <em>La storia</em> was included in the Bokklubben World Library List of 100 Best Books of All Time

American zoologist, primatologist, and conservationist known for her pioneering study of mountain gorillas at the Karisoke Research Center in Rwanda

Soviet politician and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from February 1984 to March 1985

English biochemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his structural studies of immunoglobulins and contributions to understanding the immune system

Hungarian-American mathematician known for his contributions to combinatorics, number theory, numerical analysis, probability theory, and his influential work in heuristics and mathematics education

Esteemed Japanese and South Korean association football player, coach, and referee, known as the godfather of South Korean football

Japanese association football player and manager who played for and managed the Japan national team, also known for his work as a journalist

Algerian politician who was the first President of the Provisional Government of Algeria and the National Constitutional Assembly

Hungarian inventor known for patenting the first commercially successful modern ballpoint pen

Australian virologist and immunologist who won a Nobel Prize in 1960 for predicting acquired immune tolerance and developing the theory of clonal selection

German jurist, political theorist, and professor of law noted for his criticisms of parliamentary democracy and liberalism

French historian who led the influential Annales School and revolutionized historical methodology through his studies of Mediterranean civilization and capitalism

French artist, painter, and sculptor known for founding the art brut movement and challenging traditional aesthetics

Russian-born American actor, photographer, and musician renowned for his Academy Award-winning portrayal of King Mongkut in <em>The King and I</em> and his distinctive shaved head

Distinguished English poet, novelist, and critic known for works like 'Claudius the god' and his deep exploration of Greek and Irish mythology

Award-winning French actress, writer, and translator known for her powerful performances and diverse talents