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American actress, singer, and comedian who became the first African American to win an Academy Award, for her role as Mammy in Gone with the Wind (1939)

American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer who significantly shaped progressive education and pragmatic thought in the first half of the twentieth century

Australian politician who served as the 7th Prime Minister from 1915 to 1923, leading during WWI, and was the longest-serving parliamentarian in Australia's history

Finnish lawyer, politician, and university teacher who became the first President of Finland (1919–1925) and a key pioneer of republicanism

Italian statesman and diplomat, known as "Premier of Victory" for his leadership during World War I and his role at the Paris Peace Conference

Swedish geographer and explorer known for his extensive expeditions across Central Asia, mapping the Transhimalaya and sources of major rivers, and documenting his travels as a writer, photographer, and illustrator

American-German psychoanalyst who challenged Freudian theory, founded feminist psychology, and highlighted cultural influences on psychology

English neurophysiologist who coined 'synapse' and won the Nobel Prize for his discoveries on neuron functions

First President of Israel and British chemist instrumental in the Balfour Declaration and Israel's recognition

French poet, surrealist movement founder, writer, politician, artist, and French resistance fighter

Indian and American Hindu monk, yogi, and guru who founded the Self-Realization Fellowship, bringing Kriya Yoga to the West and becoming known as the 'Father of Yoga in the West'

Spanish-American philosopher, essayist, and poet known for sharp aphorisms and a unique perspective on culture and religion

Italian idealist philosopher, historian, and liberal political thinker who influenced diverse intellectuals from Marxists to fascists

Italian physician and educator who developed the globally recognized Montessori Method of education and scientific pedagogy

Argentine actress and politician, First Lady of Argentina, suffragist, and founder of the Eva Perón Foundation

King of the United Kingdom from 1936 to 1952, last Emperor of India, and first Head of the Commonwealth

Norwegian novelist and Nobel laureate whose work spanned over 70 years, recognized for his psychological depth and varied narrative perspectives