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American novelist and journalist of the naturalist school, celebrated for works like Sister Carrie and An American Tragedy, exploring characters and situations resembling studies of nature

American evolutionary biologist and geneticist who won the Nobel Prize for his discoveries on the role of chromosomes in heredity

American physicist, inventor, and engineer who created the world's first liquid-fueled rocket and significantly improved solid-fueled rocket efficiency

German field marshal and military officer who commanded Army Group Mackensen during World War I

German physicist, inventor of the Geiger counter, and co-discoverer of the atomic nucleus

German photographer, known as the longtime companion and later wife of Adolf Hitler, who also worked as a photo lab technician and model

32nd president of the United States who led the nation through the Great Depression and World War II, serving four terms

Austro-Hungarian author and critic, renowned for creating "Bambi, a Life in the Woods," adapted into the classic Disney film

Prominent German politician and propagandist, wife of Joseph Goebbels, and close ally of Adolf Hitler

Jewish German poet, writer, and playwright who was a leading female voice in the Expressionist movement and a salonnière

Japanese association football player who was an early member of the Japan national team, tragically passing in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945

German Generalfeldmarschall known for his aggressive early command and later mastery of defensive warfare during World War II

German admiral and intelligence chief who transitioned from a supporter of Hitler to a resistance fighter during World War II

German field marshal who commanded Army Group North, Army Group B, Army Group Center, and Army Group South during World War II

Austrian composer and conductor, a leading figure of the Second Viennese School, known for his modernist atonal and twelve-tone music

German philosopher and historian of philosophy known for his neo-Kantian approach and his extensive works on the philosophy of symbolic forms

German organic chemist who won the 1930 Nobel Prize for his research on haemin and chlorophyll synthesis

Russian-Soviet writer, screenwriter, and novelist known for his works in science fiction and historical fiction, including 'Zolotoj Kljuchik' and 'Petr Pervyj'

British chemist and physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize for his mass spectrograph, which led to the discovery of isotopes in non-radioactive elements and the enunciation of the whole-number rule

French poet, essayist, and philosopher known for his poetry, fiction, and aphorisms on art, history, letters, music, and current events

Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist who integrated folk music with avant-garde styles, becoming one of the 20th century's most important classical figures

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom who led the nation through the First World War, known for social reforms and negotiating the Irish Free State