Born and died in 1906

German physicist who designed the first electron microscope and won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work in electron optics

Japanese engineer and industrialist who founded Honda Motor Co., Ltd. and transformed it into a multinational automobile and motorcycle manufacturer

Italian director, screenwriter, and theatre innovator, known for pioneering neorealism and later creating grand cinematic epics exploring European history and societal decay

Italian racing automobile driver who became the first Formula One World Drivers' Champion in 1950 with Alfa Romeo, winning five Grands Prix across seven seasons

Italian novelist, short story writer, painter, poet, and journalist, best known for his novel The Tartar Steppe and numerous short story collections

Indian writer and novelist renowned for creating the fictional South Indian town of Malgudi, a key figure in early Indian literature in English

Egyptian political theorist and revolutionary known for his influential writings and leadership within the Muslim Brotherhood

First president of Senegal, renowned poet, cultural theorist, and French resistance fighter

Argentine physician and biochemist who won the 1970 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discoveries of carbohydrate metabolic pathways, significantly impacting the understanding and treatment of diseases like galactosemia

German-American biophysicist and Nobel laureate who, with the Phage Group, unraveled the genetic structure and replication mechanism of viruses

Bosnian-Swiss Nobel laureate in Chemistry known for his pioneering research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions

German-born American theoretical physicist who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics for discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure

Swiss activist, politician, economist, journalist, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate recognized for his directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau

French Post-Impressionist painter whose work bridged Impressionism and Cubism, influencing avant-garde art movements

Norwegian playwright and theatre director, celebrated as the father of modern drama and one of the world's most frequently performed dramatists

French physicist and chemist, Nobel laureate for pioneering work on radioactivity with Marie Curie

American women's rights activist, author, and civil rights advocate who was a leading figure in the women's suffrage movement

Russian physicist, engineer, and inventor known for being one of the first to invent a radio receiving device