Born and died in 1841

The 9th President of France, known for his genial leadership, republican ideals, and opposition to the death penalty.

Japanese statesman and diplomat who served as the first Prime Minister of Japan and played a central role in drafting the Meiji Constitution and establishing the National Diet

French statesman who served as Prime Minister twice, notably guiding the nation through the First World War and advocating for significant reforms

Czech composer who masterfully blended the folk music of his native Bohemia and Moravia with classical symphonic traditions, known for works like Symphony No. 9 "New World"

Swiss Nobel laureate and pioneering surgeon known for his revolutionary work on the thyroid gland and the introduction of aseptic surgical techniques

Austrian architect and urban planner, a leading figure of the Vienna Secession and Art Nouveau movements, known for his evolving architectural styles in Vienna

Polish novelist, essayist, and translator who was a leading writer of the Positivism movement and a Nobel Prize in Literature nominee in 1905, known for works like Nad Niemnem and Meir Ezofowicz

French polymath and psychologist, best known for his seminal work, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, establishing the field of crowd psychology

French painter and sculptor known as a leading figure in Impressionism, celebrated for his vibrant depictions of beauty and feminine sensuality, with a legacy rooted in artistic traditions from Rubens to Watteau

French Impressionist painter and printmaker, celebrated for her vibrant and intimate portrayals of modern life

Swiss botanist known for documenting hundreds of plant families and creating a new natural plant classification system

French confectioner and inventor who developed airtight food preservation, earning him the title 'father of food science'

Ninth President of the United States who served the shortest term of 31 days, clarifying presidential succession upon his death in office