Born and died in 1922

American comic book writer, editor, publisher, and producer known for his extensive work with Marvel Comics, transforming it into a dominant force in both comics and film

American actress of the Golden Age of Hollywood, known for her captivating performances in film noir and other dramatic roles

Soviet physicist and educator who shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics for his fundamental work in quantum electronics, leading to the development of laser and maser

Indian actor and politician known for pioneering method acting and dominating Hindi cinema for decades

British painter and engraver known for his unflinching figurative portraits, a foremost 20th-century English portraitist

French actor known for his influential roles in 32 films and his outspoken communist views, prominent in the poetic realism movement

Influential Catalan writer who coined "Països Catalans" and helped shape Valencian cultural identity during Spain's democratic transition

American biochemist who shared the Nobel Prize for discovering nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor

Portuguese novelist, screenwriter, and Nobel laureate who crafted imaginative parables offering subversive perspectives on history and reality

Egyptian diplomat who served as UN Secretary-General from 1992-1996, leading the organization through major post-Cold War crises

American actress known for her iconic peek-a-boo hairstyle and femme fatale roles in 1940s film noir

American author known for satirical and darkly humorous novels such as Slaughterhouse-Five, Player Piano, and God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater

French novelist, critic, and essayist best known for his seven-volume novel À la recherche du temps perdu, widely considered one of the twentieth century's most influential literary works

Russian writer and Futurist poet celebrated for his linguistic innovations and experimental approach to literature

German industrialist, writer, art collector, and politician who served as Foreign Minister of Germany

French physician who won the 1907 Nobel Prize for discovering that protozoan parasites cause malaria and trypanosomiasis

German general and Ottoman Field Marshal who served as Prussian Minister of War and Chief of the German General Staff during the First World War, removed after the failure of his offensive strategy in the west

Swiss Freudian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who developed the influential Rorschach inkblot test

Last monarch of Austria-Hungary and the final ruler of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, who reigned during the closing years of World War I

American journalist, writer, and inventor known for her record-breaking trip around the world and her undercover exposé of a mental institution

Japanese statesman who served as Prime Minister twice, founded Waseda University, and was a key advocate for Western science and parliamentary democracy during Japan's Meiji and Taishō eras