Born and died in 1917

German writer and Nobel Prize laureate known for his post-World War II literature and contributions to German letters

British science fiction writer, inventor, and futurist who co-created 2001: A Space Odyssey and pioneered scientifically grounded speculative fiction

English physiologist and biophysicist who, with Alan Hodgkin, won the Nobel Prize for their discoveries on nerve impulse transmission

Japanese association football player and manager who played for and managed the Japan national team

India's first and only female Prime Minister, a central figure in Indian politics and leader of the Indian National Congress for over 15 years

South Korean army officer and politician who served as the third President, known for leading a period of intense economic growth and transformation from 1962 to 1979

British actress known for her iconic roles during Hollywood's Golden Age and a career spanning five decades

English biochemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his structural studies of immunoglobulins and contributions to understanding the immune system

Belgian Nobel Prize-winning biochemist who discovered lysosomes and peroxisomes, transforming our understanding of cellular organization

Indian organic chemist noted for her research on vinca alkaloids, development of anti-epileptic and anti-malarial drugs, and extensive writings on medicinal plants of the Indian subcontinent

President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986 who ruled under martial law from 1972 to 1981 and was later deposed by the People Power Revolution

Australian-British chemist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry who unraveled the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalysed reactions

French sculptor and artist, considered the founder of modern sculpture, known for iconic works such as The Thinker and The Gates of Hell

French sociologist who formally established the academic discipline of sociology and is a principal architect of modern social science

Dutch exotic dancer and courtesan, Mata Hari captivated European audiences before being convicted and executed as a German spy during World War I

French Impressionist artist renowned for his captivating pastel drawings and oil paintings of dancers and urban life

Swiss Nobel laureate and pioneering surgeon known for his revolutionary work on the thyroid gland and the introduction of aseptic surgical techniques

French novelist, art critic, and journalist known for transgressive novels exploring violence, abuse, and psychological detachment, translated into 30 languages