Born and died in 1909

Romanian-French playwright and intellectual who pioneered the Theatre of the Absurd, transforming 20th-century avant-garde theatre with works like The Bald Soprano

Austrian American management consultant, educator, and author who shaped modern management theory and popularized concepts like management by objectives and self-control

Indian nuclear theoretical physicist credited as the "father of the Indian nuclear programme" and founder of key scientific institutions

Irish-born British figurative painter known for raw, unsettling imagery focusing on the human form and figures isolated in geometrical structures

Ghanaian politician, political theorist, and revolutionary who led Ghana to independence and championed Pan-Africanism

Celebrated Greek-American film and theatre director, producer, screenwriter, and actor known for his influential work on Broadway and in Hollywood

Chinese politician and paramount leader who initiated China's era of reform and opening up, transitioning the nation toward a socialist market economy

The first King of Morocco who was instrumental in achieving the nation's independence from colonial rule

Afghan military officer and politician who became the first President of Afghanistan after leading the 1973 coup

Australian actor known for his romantic swashbuckler roles during the Golden Age of Hollywood

Japanese novelist and short story writer celebrated for modern classics like The Setting Sun and No Longer Human

Japanese association football player who represented the Japan national team

King of the Belgians and the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State

Japanese statesman and diplomat who served as the first Prime Minister of Japan and played a central role in drafting the Meiji Constitution and establishing the National Diet

British novelist and poet of the Victorian era known for pioneering psychological depth in his novels and for his complex, distinctive prose

Spanish virtuoso composer and pianist renowned for his post-romantic piano works, especially Suite Iberia, which infused Spanish folk music into classical compositions and influenced European classical music and Spanish nationalism

Bedonkohe Apache military leader and medicine man known for his resistance campaigns against Mexican and U.S. forces