Born and died in 1879

Indian spiritual teacher, writer, and philosopher known for his profound wisdom as a Hindu sage and jivanmukta, guiding seekers through self-inquiry

German-Swiss artist and university teacher known for his highly individual style influenced by expressionism, cubism, and surrealism

Russian Marxist revolutionary, central figure in the October Revolution and Russian Civil War, whose ideas founded Trotskyism

American humorist, actor, and social commentator known for his folksy wit, political satire, and the famous line, "I never met a man I didn't like"

German Chancellor, diplomat, and military officer remembered for his significant political influence and role in the early 20th-century German government

German physicist who won the 1914 Nobel Prize for discovering X-ray diffraction by crystals, founding modern crystallography

American birth control activist and nurse who founded Planned Parenthood and championed women's reproductive rights

Austrian composer, author, and socialite who became a fixture of Vienna's fin de siècle cultural scene, known for her classical Lieder and biographical works

Emperor of Japan from 1912-1926 who presided over the Taishō democracy era and Japan's emergence as a modern world power

American actress known as "The First Lady of the American Theatre," who starred on stage and screen for six decades and supported Actors' Equity

Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader who championed land reform and inspired the Zapatismo movement

Ukrainian military leader and politician who led the Ukrainian People's Republic during the Ukrainian War of Independence

Visionary French architect and author celebrated for his meticulous restoration of iconic medieval landmarks across France, including Notre-Dame de Paris

French nun known for experiencing apparitions of the 'Immaculate Conception' in Lourdes, which led to the building of a chapel at the famous cave-grotto

French artist, engraver, and satirist renowned for his incisive social and political caricatures and profound depictions of everyday life in 19th-century France