Born and died in 1860

Faroese physician and scientist who won the 1903 Nobel Prize for pioneering light therapy to treat diseases like lupus vulgaris

Japanese educator and judoka who founded judo and introduced the dan ranking system and black and white belts, making it the first Japanese martial art to become an official Olympic sport

Swedish Prime Minister who led the Social Democratic Party, advocated for universal suffrage and workers' rights, and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921

Swedish Prime Minister who led the Social Democratic Party, advocated for universal suffrage and workers' rights, and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921

Polish pianist, composer, and statesman who was crucial in securing international recognition for the Second Polish Republic

French statesman and lawyer who served as President of France and three times as Prime Minister, known for his commitment to political and social stability

American feminist, writer, artist, and lecturer who championed women's rights, economic independence, and social reform through works like "The Yellow Wallpaper" and "Women and Economics"

Spanish virtuoso composer and pianist renowned for his post-romantic piano works, especially Suite Iberia, which infused Spanish folk music into classical compositions and influenced European classical music and Spanish nationalism

Italian statesman and diplomat, known as "Premier of Victory" for his leadership during World War I and his role at the Paris Peace Conference

Scottish novelist and playwright, best remembered as the creator of Peter Pan

Hungarian Jewish journalist, lawyer, and politician, renowned as the father of modern political Zionism and the visionary behind the Jewish State

American statistician and inventor who developed the electromechanical tabulating machine for punched cards, ushering in the era of mechanized data processing