Born and died in 1841

French statesman, lawyer, and jurist who served as the 9th President of France from 1906 to 1913

Japanese statesman and diplomat who served as the first Prime Minister of Japan and played a central role in drafting the Meiji Constitution and establishing the National Diet

French statesman who served as Prime Minister twice, notably guiding the nation through the First World War and advocating for significant reforms

Czech composer who masterfully blended the folk music of his native Bohemia and Moravia with classical symphonic traditions, known for works like Symphony No. 9 "New World"

Swiss Nobel laureate and pioneering surgeon known for his revolutionary work on the thyroid gland and the introduction of aseptic surgical techniques

Austrian architect and urban planner, a leading figure of the Vienna Secession and Art Nouveau movements, known for his evolving architectural styles in Vienna

French polymath and psychologist, best known for his seminal work, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, establishing the field of crowd psychology

French painter and sculptor known as a leading figure in Impressionism, celebrated for his vibrant depictions of beauty and feminine sensuality, with a legacy rooted in artistic traditions from Rubens to Watteau

French Impressionist painter and printmaker, celebrated for her vibrant and intimate portrayals of modern life

Swiss botanist known for documenting hundreds of plant families and creating a new natural plant classification system

French confectioner and inventor who developed airtight food preservation, earning him the title 'father of food science'