Born and died in 1861

Finnish judge, politician, and President who played a major role in the movement for Finnish independence and presented its Declaration of Independence

French filmmaker and illusionist known for pioneering special effects and innovative storytelling in early cinema, notably with films like "A Trip to the Moon"

Canadian-American coach, physician, and inventor best known for creating the game of basketball

Norwegian polar explorer, scientist, diplomat, and humanitarian who won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with refugees and prisoners of war

English biochemist awarded the Nobel Prize in 1929 for the discovery of vitamins, also discovered the amino acid tryptophan

British Field Marshal and politician who commanded the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front during the First World War

Austrian philosopher, esotericist, and social reformer who founded anthroposophy and contributed as a writer, teacher, and architect

Bulgarian ruler from 1887 to 1918 who modernized the nation, achieved independence, and was also a recognized zoologist, ornithologist, and writer

English mathematician and philosopher who created process philosophy, influencing fields from ecology to economics

Swiss physicist awarded the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering anomalies in nickel steel alloys, advancing precision measurements

Belgian architect, designer, teacher, and urban planner, recognized as a founder of the Art Nouveau movement and a precursor of modern architecture

Ukrainian poet and artist who founded modern Ukrainian literature and language, and whose collection 'Kobzar' is a cornerstone of Slavic culture

King of Prussia known as the 'romanticist on the throne' who believed in divine right and favored Christian estates over constitutional monarchy