Born and died in 1888

German film director, producer, and screenwriter, highly influential during the silent era, known for works like Nosferatu and Faust

Cuban chess player, diplomat, and non-fiction writer who became the third world chess champion, renowned for his endgame skill and speed of play

Indian politician, writer, scholar, and freedom fighter who served as India's first Minister of Education and shaped its foundational education system

Indian physicist known for discovering the Raman effect, which describes the change in light wavelength during scattering, earning him the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics

New Zealand author, poet, and critic, an important figure in the modernist movement whose works are celebrated worldwide and published in 25 languages

US-British poet, essayist, and playwright who was a leading figure of modernist poetry and a Nobel Prize winner

Finnish writer who became the first Finnish Nobel Prize winner in Literature (1939) for his masterful portrayal of peasant life and nature

French singer, actor, and entertainer known for his signature songs like "Thank Heaven for Little Girls" and iconic boater hat and tuxedo

Indian philosopher and statesman who served as the 2nd President and 1st Vice President of India

British archaeologist, army officer, and diplomat famed as Lawrence of Arabia for his World War I role in the Arab Revolt

Scottish inventor who demonstrated the world's first working television and pioneered early color television systems

American inventor, biochemist, and microbiologist who discovered streptomycin and many other antibiotics, including the first effective against tuberculosis

Argentinian politician and writer who served as President, renowned for his extensive works and influence as a member of the Generation of 1837

German mathematical physicist and professor who helped found thermodynamics, introduced entropy, and formulated the second law of thermodynamics