Born and died in 1981

German-British biochemist who discovered the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, a key process in cellular respiration

An American actor known for his Academy Award-winning performance in Stalag 17 and as a top box-office draw of the 1950s

Israeli military leader and politician who served as Chief of Staff during the 1956 Sinai War and Defense Minister during the 1967 Six-Day War, becoming a worldwide symbol of Israel

Egyptian president and military officer who initiated the 1973 October War and signed a peace treaty with Israel, earning the Nobel Peace Prize

Scottish footballer and iconic manager of Liverpool Football Club, who led the team to three League Championships and the UEFA Cup, establishing a lasting legacy that reshaped the club's identity

Italian poet, prose writer, and editor awarded the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature for his distinctive interpretation of human values

French psychoanalyst and writer who significantly impacted continental philosophy, cultural theory, and the practice of psychoanalysis

German Nazi architect and Minister of Armaments who was convicted as a war criminal at Nuremberg

Iranian Prime Minister and second President of Iran, assassinated shortly after taking office

Legendary Hollywood director who won three Academy Awards and holds the record for most Best Director nominations with twelve

Chinese politician and wife of Sun Yat-sen, known as the "Mother of Modern China" and the only female, non-Communist head of state of the People's Republic of China

Jamaican reggae musician, composer, singer, songwriter, and guitarist who pioneered reggae and became a global cultural and Rastafarian icon