Born and died in 1910

British economist, writer, and Nobel laureate recognized for his influential theories on the nature of the firm and transaction costs, especially from his long tenure at the University of Chicago Law School

French novelist, playwright, poet, and political activist known for works like The Thief's Journal and The Balcony

Eighth President of India, lawyer, independence activist, and former Union Finance and Defence Minister who also served as Vice President

English philosopher known for promoting logical positivism through works like Language, Truth, and Logic

Indian-American theoretical physicist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize for his mathematical studies of stellar evolution and discovered the Chandrasekhar limit

Ninth President of the Philippines, economist, and father of a future president

Albanian-Indian Catholic nun and missionary who founded the Missionaries of Charity and received the Nobel Peace Prize for her work with suffering humanity

Italian association football player and manager, widely regarded as one of the best players of the 20th century and a two-time World Cup winner who captained Italy to glory

Esteemed Japanese and South Korean association football player, coach, and referee, known as the godfather of South Korean football

American actress, visual artist, and activist known for her early film roles and her celebrated comeback in <i>Titanic</i>

French playwright, screenwriter, and director known for his powerful dramas like 'Antigone' and exploring themes of integrity and moral compromise

German civil engineer and computer scientist who built the world's first programmable computer, the Z3, and designed the first high-level programming language

Russian author, philosopher, and pacifist regarded as one of history's most influential writers

Swiss businessman and humanitarian who co-founded the Red Cross and initiated the Geneva Conventions, receiving the first Nobel Peace Prize

Fifth King of Siam, known for modernizing the nation and securing its independence amidst colonial pressures

English painter and co-founder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, known for his detailed, symbolic, and vivid artworks

French post-Impressionist painter known for his distinctive Naïve or Primitive style, often depicting exotic jungle scenes

American philosopher and psychologist, often called the "father of American psychology" and a leading thinker of the late 19th century

American short story writer known for his witty narration, naturalist observations, and surprise endings

The first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, an American physician, abolitionist, and women's rights activist

Russian composer, pianist, and conductor who championed musical nationalism and influenced many Russian musicians, blending folk music with classical practices

French author, poet, and diarist, member of the Académie Goncourt, best known for 'Poil de carotte' and 'Les Histoires Naturelles', celebrated for his wit and observational prose

Polish novelist, essayist, and translator who was a leading writer of the Positivism movement and a Nobel Prize in Literature nominee in 1905, known for works like Nad Niemnem and Meir Ezofowicz

British astronomer and astrophysicist who pioneered astronomical spectroscopy with his wife, Margaret, expanding our understanding of the universe