Born and died in 1882

British astrophysicist, mathematician, and philosopher known for the Eddington limit, a fundamental concept in stellar luminosity and accretion

Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, and pedagogue best known for developing the internationally recognized Kodály method of music education

German-British theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics and its statistical interpretation

King of Sweden who oversaw significant constitutional changes, and a respected anthropologist, art historian, collector, and classical archaeologist

French novelist, essayist, diplomat, and playwright renowned for his influential contributions to interwar French drama and literature

Hungarian-American actor best known for his iconic portrayal of Count Dracula and other memorable horror film characters

Irish statesman, president of Ireland, and prime minister who introduced the Constitution of Ireland

American physicist, inventor, and engineer who created the world's first liquid-fueled rocket and significantly improved solid-fueled rocket efficiency

German physicist, inventor of the Geiger counter, and co-discoverer of the atomic nucleus

German field marshal and chief of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) who signed criminal orders leading to war crimes during World War II

German-American physicist and chemist who shared the 1925 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom

American realist painter and printmaker renowned for his iconic depictions of modern American life and landscapes

French lawyer and republican politician who proclaimed the Third Republic and championed democratic governance

Hungarian poet, writer, translator, and journalist known as the "Shakespeare of ballads" for his 102 ballads and the Toldi trilogy

French diplomat and writer known for his theories on scientific race and the Aryan master race

First Lady of the United States known for her strong support of President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War and her personal struggles

Italian general, patriot, and republican known as the "Hero of the Two Worlds" for his central role in the Unification of Italy and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy, one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland"

American philosopher, essayist, and poet who led the Transcendentalist movement, championing individualism and critical thinking

English naturalist whose theory of evolution by natural selection explained the diversity of life

English poet, illustrator, and painter who co-founded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and influenced the Aesthetic movement

American outlaw, Confederate guerrilla, and train robber known for leading the James–Younger Gang

American poet and educator known for "Paul Revere's Ride" and <em>The Song of Hiawatha</em>, and for being the first American to translate Dante's <em>Divine Comedy</em>