Born and died in 1931

Indian guru, writer, and mystic who founded the Rajneesh movement and developed dynamic meditation, known also as Osho

Third President of Kenya, serving from 2002 to 2013, with a distinguished career as a politician, minister, and economist

Italian actress and comedian, celebrated as "the Queen of Italian cinema" for her iconic roles in Michelangelo Antonioni's films and diverse cinematic contributions

Egyptian feminist writer, activist, physician, and novelist known for her outspoken critiques of patriarchy, colonialism, and the status of women in the Global South

French actress known for portraying strong-willed, independent women with an earthiness and reality that endeared her to audiences

Soviet and Russian composer known for modernist sacred music and innovative use of microtonality and chromaticism

British novelist and former spy renowned for his sophisticated and morally complex espionage fiction, often adapted for screen

Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the president of India from 2002 to 2007

French professional footballer who was integral to the France national team of the 1950s and won three European Cups with Real Madrid

South African Anglican archbishop, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and renowned anti-apartheid and human rights activist

Japanese association football player and manager who represented his nation on the field

Nobel Prize-winning Italian-American astrophysicist who pioneered the field of X-ray astronomy, discovering cosmic X-ray sources and teaching at Johns Hopkins University

French polymath and psychologist, best known for his seminal work, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, establishing the field of crowd psychology

Austrian writer and dramatist known for his psychological dramas and narratives dissecting turn-of-the-century Viennese bourgeois life, a significant figure in Viennese Modernism

Swedish clergyman, Archbishop of Uppsala, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate recognized for promoting Christian unity and international peace

French statesman, lawyer, and jurist who served as the 9th President of France from 1906 to 1913

Japanese bacteriologist and immunologist known for co-discovering the bubonic plague agent

Swedish poet known for his symbolist poetry masquerading as regionalism, posthumously awarded the 1931 Nobel Prize in Literature after having refused it in 1919 due to his position as permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy

English writer known for his prolific output of novels, short stories, and plays, and for being the most financially successful British author of his era

German Social Democratic politician who served as foreign minister and twice as chancellor during the Weimar Republic

German film director, producer, and screenwriter, highly influential during the silent era, known for works like Nosferatu and Faust

Finnish painter and pioneer of national art who became a leading figure of romantic nationalism, shaping Finnish identity through iconic works

French general and military personnel renowned for his leadership as Commander-in-Chief of French forces on the Western Front in World War I, notably at the First Battle of the Marne