Born and died in 1823

Russian playwright who almost single-handedly created a Russian national repertoire and defined the Russian realistic period

American journalist, businessman, and politician who served as the 17th Vice President of the United States and the 25th Speaker of the House of Representatives

French philosopher, writer, historian, and Orientalist known for his scholarship on Semitic languages and early Christianity, and theories on nationalism

Hungarian poet and liberal revolutionary, considered Hungary's national poet and key figure of the 1848 revolution, author of the inspiring 'Nemzeti dal'

British economist and politician, known for his theories on rent, wages, and international trade, recognized as a foundational classical economist

French mathematician, physicist, military officer, and politician instrumental in transforming the French Revolutionary Army and a leading member of the Committee of Public Safety

English physician and scientist who pioneered vaccination and created the world's first smallpox vaccine