Born and died in 1814

Belgian inventor, musician, and instrument maker who invented the saxophone and redesigned the bass clarinet, among other musical innovations

French painter known for his empathetic depictions of peasant farmers and a founder of the Barbizon school, who also explored pure landscapes in his later career

Swedish physicist and astronomer, recognized as a founder of spectroscopy and known for his work on the solar spectrum

Russian revolutionary anarchist and political philosopher, known for his foundational influence on anarchism and collectivist anarchist tendencies throughout Russia and Europe

Ukrainian poet and artist who founded modern Ukrainian literature and language, and whose collection 'Kobzar' is a cornerstone of Slavic culture

Visionary French architect and author celebrated for his meticulous restoration of iconic medieval landmarks across France, including Notre-Dame de Paris

Empress consort of the French, Queen of Italy, and dedicated patron of the arts who shaped the cultural landscape of the First French Empire

German philosopher and founding figure of German idealism, who built upon the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant